If the load which is connected with the waveguide is terminated with its characteristic impedance, then the whole energy is consumed by the load nad no reflected enery is transferred back towards the source. The characteristics impedance (Zo) is known as the impedance infinity of long waveguide. The broad dimension of the waveguide is 5cm. Λg = wave length of the electromagnetic waves inside the waveguide.Ĭ = velocity of electromagnetic wave in free space a stands for broad dimension of waveguide? Here fc stands for cut off frequency C stands for velocity of Electromagnetic waves in free space. Using Einstein's photoelectric equations show how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph. It is the frequency which cannot be propagated through the waveguide. Define the terms (i) 'cut-off voltage' and (ii) 'threshold frequency' in relation to the phenomenon of photoelectric effect. Group velocity and phase velocity of the electromagnetic waves is the same in free space. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is the velocity which the electromagnetic waves changes it phase in the waveguide during propagation. Group velocity is less than velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space. Group velocity is denoted by the symbol Vg. It is the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide.
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